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Uji Kinerja Alat Penyulingan Minyak Nilam


   Minyak atsiri merupakan salah satu komoditas pertanian yang potensial untuk dikembangkan di Indonesia. Salah satu minyak atsiri Indonesia yang paling penting adalah minyak nilam. Nilai ekspor minyak nilam selalu meningkat, tahun 2001 mencapai US $ 52,97 juta atau 4,4 % nilai ekspor minyak atsiri Indonesia. Indonesia pemasok utama minyak nilam dunia (90 %). Sementara kebutuhan minyak nilam dunia berkisar 1.500 ton/tahun dengan pertumbuhan 5 %.

    Kualitas terna nilam tidak cukup untuk menghasilkan minyak nilam dengan mutu tinggi dan ekonomis. Sebagian minyak nilam masih diproduksi dengan alat sederhana sehingga mutu dan efisiensi serta produktifitasnya belum optimal. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya modernisasi alat produksi seperti prototipe.
Penyulingan minyak nilam ada dua cara yaitu penyulingan uap dan air dan penyulingan dengan uap langsung. Proses penyulingan minyak atsiri dapat dipercepat dengan menaikkan suhu dan tekanan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini menggunakan metode penyulingan dengan peningkatan tekanan secara bertahap 0,5 bar; 1 bar; dan 1,5 bar. Proses penyulingan dilakukan selama 6 jam.

    Sebagian besar peralatan penyulingan skala IKM terutama boiler, ketel suling, dan separator, masih memiliki kinerja yang rendah. Kinerja boiler skala IKM (Industri Kecil Menengah) serta prototipe boiler didasarkan atas beberapa parameter seperti luas permukaan pindah panas, fenomena penyalaan api, kestabilan nyala api, kesempurnaan proses pembakaran kayu, dan jumlah bahan bakar.

    Kinerja ketel suling dapat dinilai dari beberapa parameter seperti : kerapatan nilam di dalam ketel, fenomena penetrasi uap, kemampuan ketel mempertahankan panas, dan ada atau tidaknya kebocoran pada ketel suling.

    Kinerja kondensor dinilai berdasarkan beberapa parameter seperti : luas penampang pindah panas kondensor, banyaknya air pendingin yang digunakan, suhu destilat dan laju destilat.





Comments

  1. UnknownFebruary 20, 2014 at 11:56 PM

    Mas. Untuk alat suling yang speknya kyak gtu dmana belinya ya ??

    ReplyDelete

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